The New Improved Iphone by Apple Co Research Paper

The New Improved Iphone by Apple Co - Research Paper Example The gadget accompanies a scope of present day advancements that are a significant inclination to purchasers and furthermore the corporate world. It fuses the most recent working framework iOS 5.0, fulfilling the longing for the cutting edge official market where one can accommodate their workplaces in their pockets. Being the replacement of the iPhone, it accompanies an extra uninsulated tempered steel outline, working as the reception apparatuses for the gadget. Furthermore, it has an Apple A4 processor and a RAM limit totaling 512 MB. The style that accompanies the iPhone 4 requests the setting of an official, high class individual from the official world, to help in supporting an office outside the workplace. For admirers of the iPhone, the iPhone 4 will be a favored brand went with an enhancement for the camera and the headway on the processor. Item Positioning The new item is the decision of the official individual and corporate world, good for those that are fixed close to the greater part of their workplaces. It is a chance to function as in the workplace while on a plane, screen the stocks during supper or have a business gathering while at the same time appreciating the solace of your lodge in the forested areas. The iPhone 4 is the fourth era iPhone, having an additional video calling capacity to its forerunner while having an additional touchy touch-screen ability for simpler and quicker activity. Apple inc. has a dominatingly huge market for the iPhone creation. The clients of the iPhone 3GS will be satisfied to purchase the propelled model; including a more extensive scope of highlights rather than the third era creation. Apple Company has a branch in the United States implying that this will upgrade the simplicity of creation and dispersion to its clients. Adverting, Pricing and Distribution IPhone 4 as of now has a standard suggested cost of about $1500 (Apple.com, 2011). This cost may appear to be broad for some individuals in the United States. Apple applies a value skimming methodology, whereby the utility of those in the high class level is just fulfilled by the utilization of the iPhone 4. Along these lines, barely any of the low class individuals are considered in the market. Anyway much this decreases the all out turn over for Apple, the overall revenue set for the item is sufficient to guarantee the benefit target of the undertaking. The American populace ends up being a delightful market for the iPhone 4. Innovative headway in the United States has made the requirement for cutting edge applications in the correspondence condition. Other than being a significant and a fundamental need to have innovation driven devices, internet promoting will help make familiarity with the iPhone 4. Furthermore, the organization will participate in limited time exercises that will draw in people in general into being a piece of the Apple family. Conveyance of the iPhone 4 has been required by having an Apple outlet in the United Sta tes. The organization works endlessly in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France and India. Having this outlet will guarantee a consistent dispersion of the iPhone 4 to all components of the nation (Rosa, 2010). Web based shopping has additionally encouraged promoting and the circulation of t

Essay Writing Tricks - Some Tips on How to Do Better on Your Essay

Essay Writing Tricks - Some Tips on How to Do Better on Your EssayAre you trying to learn essay writing tricks? A lot of folks try to avoid this type of writing because they have no idea what it entails. I must admit that this is very true and I did too.I tried to write a paper for college and didn't know what I was doing and I never passed the class. The only thing I was really good at was memorizing facts and figures so I knew what the math involved. But not being able to write is the reason why I failed.When I sat down to write my first essay, I was excited. I had learned a lot of things about my own abilities in general. I had also learned some tips that could help others learn essay writing tricks too. You can be successful with your writing ability, if you follow some strategies.First, make sure that you have your topic completely planned out. You should know what subject you are going to write about. And, you should know what kind of essay you will write as well. You need to k now if you want a short one or a long one.When you know all of this, you can start brainstorming your thesis statement. You need to make sure that you have a conclusion to your thesis statement. You may need to add your conclusion several times if you have a complex idea.You need to make sure that you are not making this part of your college assignment. You want to make sure that you write it first and then you continue writing the rest of the essay. But, if you begin your essay and you already have your conclusion written in, you will get sidetracked.Make sure that you do not just go through each chapter and do your writing. This can be very stressful if you are working on the thesis statement and you have not written anything else. You need to find time to just sit down and write, even if you just write a paragraph here and there.Some folks may not think that they can do any better in an essay if they don't have an objective for the essay. But, you really can. You just need to do some research on the topic before you begin to write your essay.

Every square is a rectangle

Every square is a rectangle Okay, first off, I have to tell you that Erica 07 is a superhero. For the past month or so, shes worked about 50 hours of UROP every week in an organometallic chemistry lab, and then on top of that, shes been working as Burton-Conners summer desk captain. Unlike being a deskworker in a dorm, the position of desk captain requires actual work, with the payoff being that you get free summer housing plus a stipend in exchange for at least 40 hours of desk service every week. Also, shes been working all these 90 hour weeks with a violent illness. Seriously, it sounds like shes going to cough up a kidney or something every time I see her. And then on Wednesday night, she stayed up with the rooming committee until 4 AM or something making sure that all our freshmen had their rooms readjusted properly after in-house rush. Battle on, Erica. Anyway, tonight I decided to take a few hours of desk service to lighten Ericas load. During the term, working desk is a great opportunity for me to make a little extra money while working on my problem sets in a relatively stress-free environment. Seriously, the only things I have to do are retrieving packages, dispensing spare keys to lost students, and pressing the door unlock button every time somebody rings the intercom to get in the main entrance. The last one is really annoying, so I make people who ring the intercom show photo ID and sign a special book. I guess its kind of a security measure too. Tonight I didnt have any p-sets (MIT slang for problem sets) to tool (MIT slang for work fastidiously) on, so I played this game for three hours. While doing that, I got paid $27.75. Mitra can explain why this is wrong from an economic perspective. Then I decided to be productive and write a blog entry. I was totally serious when I wrote that last sentence. Yesterday, a bunch of us went over to the activities midway to check out Alicia 06 performing in the MIT Sport Taekwondo Club demonstration. In the past, Ive gotten an MIT EMS laundry bag and a neat slinky advertising the Baptist Student Fellowship or something. Literally every organization on campus, from Model UN to the Outing Club to MITBeef, has some. Look out upon this sea of tables: Every one of them has something free for you with their logo on it. Still, Ive reached a point where I feel too old to be randomly grabbing free stuff from organizations with no intention of joining themmake sure to do this as much as you can freshman year, when you still have that as an excuse. So, I just settled into a seat in the bleachers, where we watched performances by Sport Taekwondo, Ballroom Dance, Bhangra, and TechSquares. The last one was particularly interestingto the tune of Carlos Santanas Smooth, the dancers were told to swing their partners, promenade, and execute a linear wave. I guess everything gets a little more technical when filtered through the lens of MIT, although supposedly this is the only collegiate square dance group in the nation, so I guess they can make up all the linear waves they want. I also decided that I will probably never square dance, even if you can get PE Credit for it. Still, my favorite performance was bhangraeverybody always looks so darn happy doing it! I felt giddy. I didnt get a picture of it with my camera phone because the resolution wasnt good enough to see their smiling faces, which would probably ruin the whole image. So, I have a picture of the MIT Hawaii Club doing a traditional dance. They didnt look quite as happy, but you cant really tell here: Also, Ruth 07 pledged to join the MIT Marching Band with me next year. I know she said it as a joke, but now it has been blogged, so it is an Unbreakable Oath. Get ready for it next year. I still havent read any Harry Potter. DID YOU NOTICE? The introduction to this entry is longer than the entry itself?

Acordarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Over...

Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Over Diagnosed? The most common diagnoses made by doctors among children is Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD) (LeFever, G. B., Dawson, K. V., Morrow, A. L.,1999). What is ADHD? ADHD: a short attention span accompanied by excessive activity (Cowerdly Allen, 2012, p. 174). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) In the United States 11% of children ranging from ages 4 to 7 were diagnosed with ADHD in 2011: making this an average increase of 5% per year from 2003 to 2011 (2016). Why is it that other countries such as France are not having an increase diagnosis of ADHD? In France .5% of children are diagnosed with ADHD (Molland,2012). There is no reason why the United States should have more children diagnosed with ADHD than France. Are we trying to say that children in the United Sates differ from children in different countries? According to Judy Molland children in France are not different: the psychiatrist in France just happen to have a better method for dealing with children with behavioral problems (2013). The number of children diagnosed with ADHD Continues to increase, but why? A belief by some people is that ADHD can be caused by food dyes and sugar additives. However, there is no evidence showing that foods can cause ADHD. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) there are some studies that imply that artificial food additives and dyes may worsenShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Over Diagnosed Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesIs Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Over Diagnosed? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is very common disorder diagnosed among children. What is ADHD? ADHD: a short attention span accompanied by excessive activity (Cowerdly Allen, 2012, p. 174). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) 11% of children ranging from ages 4 to 7 were diagnosed with ADHD in 2011: making this an average increase of 5% per year from 2003 to 2011 (2016). Why is itRead MoreIs Adhd over-Diagnosed Among School Children1409 Words   |  6 PagesIs ADHD Over-diagnosed Among School Children? After reading the review, (Is ADHD over-diagnosed among school children?) by C. Collins, I am in agreement with T. E. Elder in that yes, ADHD is over-diagnosed. I chose to accompany the review by C. Collins with the article, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which originated from the Facts on File; Issues and Controversies Database. After reading both the review and the article I highly believe that ADHD is definitely over-diagnosed. 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Why Marjane Satrapi Graphic Form Free Essays

Why Marjane Satrapi chose to tell her story Persepolis in the graphic form The graphic novel Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi was written in the graphic medium to appeal to a wider audience. Literary critic, Manuela Constantino, proposes that â€Å"the combination of a visual representation and a child’s point of view makes the story easily accessible and therefore attracts a wide range of readers. † (Constantino, 2008: 2) Another plausible reason for Satrapi’s choice to do the novel in this medium is the apparent popularity graphic novels enjoyed at the point of the memoir’s publication. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Marjane Satrapi Graphic Form or any similar topic only for you Order Now Writing the novel graphically, brings the Middle Eastern novel closer to its Western readers. As Constantino wrote; Satrapi emphasizes â€Å"the universal qualities of her child narrator and the details of her experiences that would be familiar to her Western readers. † (Constantino, 2008: 2) Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi in the graphic form deems effective because it is written in a form that is recognizable to her target readers, written in somewhat a ‘universal’ language. Satrapi chose to tell her story in the graphic form to better connect with her readers. It is apparent that Satrapi’s targeted audience are mainly Western Christians. Over forty percent of the world’s population who practice a religion are Christians. The religious stature of the main characters made the novel accessible to its non Muslim readers. Being able to observe Christians in a predominantly Islamic country, opens a window to a life Satrapi’s readers could only dare to imagine. A world where u are told what to believe and what to think. It is therefore logical to target the sensitive majority of the population to educate about the Iranian political struggle and to get her story across. The novel in itself is about driving away the West from the conservative Iranian nation. Driving away the things her targeted readers consider their norm. Westerners and others around the world try to â€Å"seek insight into a country and a nation that have been deemed â€Å"evil† and an imminent threat to Western society. † (Malek, 2006: 10) To aid the West in its quest to â€Å"seek insight† into the nation of Iran, Satrapi wrote the novel in a medium that is very closely related to and very familiar in the Western culture. As demonstrated in: â€Å"†¦ They found records and videocassettes at their place, a deck of cards, a chess set. In other words, everything that’s banned. The scene leads the reader to feel unwanted and driven off alongside Marji, an Iranian who embraces the reader’s culture as demonstrated in page one hundred and twenty six , from her Iranian world. The reader and Marji form a special bond – they become a unit. This common ground builds a stronger connection between Marji and the reader leading the au dience to feel a stronger form of empathy towards the child, as they are now part of the cultural issue. Satrapi also chose to relate socio-political issues, conflict and loss to Arabic writing; as demonstrated in page eighty seven, in the panel where in two women are arguing. Satrapi, 2003) Their banter is written in a language unfamiliar to her targeted readers leading the reader to classify fighting and arguments as foreign and that the very presence of these women and their conflict is alienating. Another instance is when Pardisse reads her letter to her dead father, a letter written in the same foreign writing – grief is then related to this alien language. (Satrapi, 2003: 86) And on page one hundred and thirty two, in the panel where The Guardians of the Revolution (women’s branch) were introduced, one will observe the same unreadable writing resembling Arabic on their vehicle. Satrapi, 2003) Her use of all these subtle details in the graphic aspect of the novel adds to the effectiveness of the medium in that it forces the reader to lose all sense of familiarity with the antagonistic characters. The visual aspect of this novel aided in Satrapi’s depiction of Marji as someone who embraces the western culture, the reader’s culture, with the familiar images of Nike sneakers, jeans, jean jackets, and chocolates, as well as Kim Wilde and Iron Maiden songs. (Satrapi, 2003: 126) This brings another dimension to the relationship between Marji and her readers. Writing the novel in graphic form brings the Middle Eastern graphic novel closer to its Western neighbours because it is in a medium that is recognizable in the West. In addition, Satrapi’s depiction of Muslim leaders as â€Å"uneducated, primitive, and narrow-minded brutes† strengthens her connection with her Western readers whose perception of Muslim extremists might indeed be quite similar to the one crafted in the autobiography. (Constantino, 2008: 4) The novel Persepolis is effective because it was written to please a specific type of community. It uses language and cultural barriers in the illustrations and text to further separate the reader from the antagonists. â€Å"Satrapi’s Persepolis appeared, significantly, at a time when memoirs have been experiencing a great surge of popularity. † (Malek, 2006: 8) The time of the publication of the memoir deemed critical to its success. It was published around the time where graphic novels were coined â€Å"the most important narrative mode of our contemporary culture. † (Miller, 2000: 421) It shared the lime light with other graphic novels, the likes of Craig Thompson’s â€Å"Blankets† and Joe Sacco’s â€Å"The Fixer†. Time, 2003) Satrapi chose the perfect time to debut her graphic memoir as she was able to ride ‘the literary high’ comics were experiencing at that point in time. A probable reason why Satrapi chose to tell her story in the graphic medium is the effectiveness and popularity of graphic novels at the point of the novel’s publication. Writing the novel in graphic form and through the eyes of a child allows the issue to be digested with fewer objections by the reader. The novel written through the eyes of a child makes it easier for the reader to comprehend the situation. It gives the story a comedic approach to a devastating period in Iranian history. â€Å"Readers of all ages can identify with the child, feel for her, and learn with her about the complexities of national and international politics. †(Constantino, 2003: 4) The connection shared between Marji and the reader strengthens their bond and heightens the effectiveness of the story. It is a medium closely related to fun. Writing the novel in graphic form ‘dumbs down’ the brutality of the whole situation. A frame on page fifty two illustrates Ahmadi’s gruesome fate in prison: chopped into several pieces. Satrapi, 2003) Another panel depicting the same kind of ‘turned down’ brutality is a scene on page seventy six where a woman is being stabbed on the leg. These otherwise gruesome scenes can be better understood because the reader can look at it, take it as it is, and envy the child’s innocence and simplistic thought process. Constantino adds: â₠¬Å"The text is easily accessible and seemingly transparent. It makes many people feel that they are educating themselves while they are being entertained. † Although the text might seem, in a way due to its graphic medium, juvenile, its purpose is to educate and tell an ‘untold story. Some might argue that depicting critical situations such as the Islamic Revolution in a form of graphic medium takes away the severity of the circumstances however; it can definitely be counter argued by the undeniable phrase ‘it’s so simple it works. ’ The visual element allows her to include the offstage action as part of the main narrative flow. Instead of having to impart information as separate incidents, where its impact is reduced by removing it from the context of the story, we see things as they happen, increasing the emotional mpact of the moment. The directness of her work allows her to do two things excellently: to distinguish between individuals easily with just small strokes of the pen and make her depiction of horrors, death, torture, and anguish, emotionally realistic without being graphic or gruesome. Perse polis was written in the graphic form to create a stronger connection with the material and its readers. Persepolis is a powerful story about a person’s struggle for self identity. The different occurrences in Marji’s life that define her for who she is was written in the graphic medium to make it easier for her audience to connect with her as people in search of who they are. Writing the novel in graphic form offers a sense of familiarity with Satrapi’s targeted Western audience. It brings the unfamiliar Iranian world, issues and their traditions closer to the West’s classification of ‘normal’. It uses religion (specifically Christianity) in illustration and text to even deepen the connection between Marji and her audience. It forms a common ground, a sense of belonging to the same movement. It is also plausible that one of the reasons why the novel was written in the graphic form was to ride the growing popularity of comics at that particular point in time. Publishing the graphic novel to a community who openly accept comics as a form of sophisticated literature presented an opportunity for the novel to succeed. And lastly, it was written in graphic text to make it easier for the reader to comprehend the situation as these instances don’t usually happen to her targeted Western audience. It makes watching people die a little bit more bearable as it is depicted in a way that a child might perceive death. Satrapi choosing to tell her story in the form of a graphic novel not only shows us how far that medium has come as a means of expression, but allows us a glimpse into a world that few of us know anything about. Word Count: 1707 Citation Arnold, Andrew. â€Å"The Best and Worst: 2003. † Time. November 13 2010. Website. ;lt; http://www. time. com/time/bestandworst/2003/comics. html;gt; Malek, Amy. â€Å"Memoir as Iranian Exile Cultural Production: A Case Study of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis Series. † Iranian Studies: Journal of the International Society for Iranian Studies 39. 3 (2006): 353-380. MLA International Bibliography. EBSCO. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Print. Manuela Costantino. â€Å"Marji: Popular Commix Heroine Breathing Life into the Writing of History. † Canadian Review of American Studies 38. 3 (2008): 429-447. Project MUSE. Cameron Library, Edmonton, AB. 17 Aug. 2010. Website. ;lt;http://muse. jhu. edu/;gt; Nancy Miller, â€Å"But Enough About Me, What Do You Think of My Memoir? † Yale Journal of Criticism 13, no. 2 (2000): 421. Print. Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York: Pantheon Books. 2003. Print â€Å"World Religions. † The World Almana c and Book of Facts  ©2010. 2010. Print. How to cite Why Marjane Satrapi Graphic Form, Papers

Materials and the Environment

Abstract Human activities have great influence on environment. The environment can absorb the effects of human activities to a given extent. However, there is a threshold; if exceeded, it diminishes the quality of the environment. In the modern world, there have been increased human activities that have surpassed the environmental threshold.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Materials and the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the current growth rate of 3% per annum, mining, disposals, and other processes present increased human activities that the environment cannot absorb. For instance, the economic developments have resulted to increase in the number of cars used. The core concerns include material production and energy consumption system, the eco-attribute of the materials and eco selection. The materials have great implication on the on the environment. Therefore, it is important to analyze the various phases of material use and their environmental implications. To enhance the understanding of the materials and environment, Ashby (2011) provided in depth analysis of the materials and the energy consumption. The following paper explores the various phases of energy consumption with key focus on the eco-selection. Introduction All the activities of the human beings influence the environment. Ashby (2011) noted that the environment is designed in manner that it has a capacity that can cope with the effects of the human activities. Increased human activities have negative impacts on the environment. According to Ashby (2011), the human activities normally diminish the quality of the environment. In the contemporary society, the main aspects of the human activities that influence the environment include the processes of manufacturing and the use of the materials. The following report explores sustainability measures with core focus on the eco-selection and recycling of materia ls at end life. The recycling will discuss car recycling in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Materials Life Cycle In the analysis of the human activities and the resultant effects, Ashby (2011) noted that the current growth rate of about 3% around the world would lead to increase in the human activities such as mining and the rate of waste disposal. As a result, there is need for design for the environment in order to correct the degradation of the environment. In addition, Ashby (2011) noted that there is need for design for sustainability.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This entails adaptation to lifestyle that is environmentally conscious. The design for environment and design for sustainability ensures that current human activities are in line with the needs of the future generations. The human activities are best represented the material life cycle which is based on four key processes that include: Material production Product use Product disposal Product manufacture The cycle represents how the materials are manufactured into products, used and disposed. The used materials end up in the recycling process, or they may be taken to landfill or incarcerated. The key feature of the various phases of the life cycle is that there is energy consumption. The result of energy consumption is the emissions of carbon dioxide. In addition, there are emissions of other gasses, heat, solid wastes, and liquid. The problems that result from the cycle are that the byproducts exceed the capacity that the environment can hold. The damage caused by the byproducts can be felt at various levels. For example in UAE, the economic growth has resulted to increase in demand for cars. The implication is that many cars are imported and at end life they are disposed as scrap with a lot of wastes going to landfills. Ashby (2011) noted that at the local level, the negative in fluences can be remedied by putting in place intervention strategies. At the national or global magnitude, the corrections of the effects require integrated interventions. Ashby (2011) pointed that there is the need for wider social interventions such as the enactment of legislations that require reduction of consumption of the carbon fuels in cars. Materials and Energy Consuming Systems According to Lewis and Gertsakis (2001), there exists an interactive system between materials and energy. Ashby (2011) noted that the main driving forces of the consumption in the systems include the uptake of new technology, the increase in wealth, the growth of population and education. The driving forces influence the use of products that in turn result in the consumption of materials and energy. For instance, the establishment of matching materials as per system requirements results in a fit that is essential for eco-design (Ashby, 2011). The use pattern of products exemplifies the consumption l evels. The levels are categorized on the basis of load factor such as the high load factor, modest and low load factor. The various levels of consumption include the primary consumption of power, secondary consumption, and non power consumption. Based on the level of consumption and the load factor, the consumption can either be energy intense of material intense. In the case of vehicles, load factor is experienced in the production of steel for making the cars from the ores and in the use stage where fossil fuels are used to power the vehicles.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Materials and the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Eco-Attributes of Materials The eco-attributes of materials is an important concept in the production of materials. According to Lewis and Gertsakis (2001), understanding of materials, production processes and the consumption of energy by the various materials plays a very critical process in the design for sustainability. Ashby (2011) noted that the energy used in the material production, manufacturing, and the other related activities in the four phases is normally from the fossil fuels. The use of the energy takes place in different forms. The key forms include gas, oil, or coal. According to Ashby (2011), the energy can also be transformed into electricity with a conversion efficiency of 38% as per European average conversion. The electricity can be generated from different sources. For instance, it can be from wind, nuclear and hydroelectric sources. Thus, the fossil fuels are not the sole sources of electricity generation. In Europe, the production of energy is mainly from the fossil fuels. The exceptional countries that have alternative energy sources include Norway that relies on 70% hydro and France that relies on over 80% nuclear energy. Eco-selection Eco-selection entails incorporation of responsible designs that ensure affordable and safe manufacturing practices. The eco-selection is aimed at using materials with prior knowledge of their implications on the environment. Lewis and Gertsakis (2001) noted that the embodied energy, the resulting green house effect, and the recyclable nature of the materials should be analyzed in the initial phase of material. According to Lewis and Gertsakis (2001), the environmental impacts of products can be influenced during the design of the product. Designers and manufacturers are thus encouraged to adopt sustainable practices that take into consideration the environmental impacts. For instance, the recycling of materials in order to reduce the amount of waste that is taken to the landfills. Eco selection is a philosophy that is based on designing physical objects and the environment to ensure that human activities comply with the sustainability principles. In the eco-selection, materials used for the manufacturing are carefully chosen to ensure that they minimize the environmental impact. Thus, the eco-selection should put into consideration the type of the material, their use, and the phase of the life cycle in which the product makes the largest contribution.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The selection should be based on the energy consumption and the impact of the material wastes to the environment. For instance, the energy consumption could relate to the carbon foot print and other effects of the emissions. According to Ashby (2011), rational design of the environment informs eco-selection. The process is based on the analysis phase that is core to identification of materials. The analysis guides the selection. According to Ashby (2011), eco-selection entails the assessment of energy or the carbon foot print over the life for the product. This forms the first stage that is normally referred to as the eco-audit. It entails the analysis of energy in terms of the materials, the process of manufacturing, transport, use, and the disposal processes. The second stage that informs the eco-selection includes the design, which puts in place the strategies to enhance sustainability by minimizing the energy and material consumption. Figure 1 below is a summary of the factors t hat inform eco-selection. Figure 1: Factors that inform eco-selection Source: Ashby (2011). The eco selection is based on understanding the phase of the product lifecycle that makes the highest contribution to the environmental degradation. In the material life cycle, the first phase is the material production. Ashby (2011) pointed that if the production of materials is the dominant phase in terms of energy consumption, then it is given the priority in the eco-selection. An example is the production of drink containers. The key areas of energy consumption are during the extraction and production, in the transportation and refrigeration. In the various processes, the energy used results to emissions of gasses. The embodied energy that is used depends on the material, thus on a one kilogram quantification basis, some drink containers have high penalty than others. The other notable phase is the product manufacture phase, which requires energy. In the production process, saving of ene rgy is paramount; however, priority is attached to the impact of the toxic wastes and emissions during the process of manufacturing. The priority is influenced by the circumstances at the local level. For instance in making paper, a lot of water is used. In the past, the water used to be dumped into the river systems. The disposed water used to be heavily polluted with alkalis and particulates; however, today environmentally sensitive paper mills discharge water that is clean and pure. Thus, the selection of manufacturing practices is critical in the prevention of the environmental devastation. Another point of concern is the use phase. Ashby (2011) noted that the eco-impact of the use of energy consumption is influenced by various factors such as the electrical, thermal, and mechanical deficiencies. Thus, the maximization of the use of the factors minimizes the energy use. An example is the fuel efficiency of the transport systems. The mass of vehicle correlates to the efficiency. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption, the deal is to minimize the mass of the vehicles. The fourth phase in which energy is consumed is during the product disposal phase. There are environmental consequences that relate to the final phase of a product life. According to Ashby (2011), there are many choices for the disposal phase, which have an impact on the environment. Legislations by different authorities govern the choices on product disposal phase such as recycling, taking back, or landfills. There is a common notion that the conservation of the materials and the subsequent consumption of energy can be achieved by making smaller products that last longer and to recycle them when they reach their end life. Even though the concept seems obvious, it fails to put into consideration the complex and the interactive system that exist between materials and energy. Therefore, eco-selection and sustainability explores the process of acquiring materials and the energy consumption as sociated with the materials. Ashby (2011) stated that the solution to the environmental problems is not based on the selection between the good and the bad materials, but it entails the in-depth analysis of the materials and selection of the materials to match the requirements of the system and ensure efficiency in the consumption of the energy. The eco-selection should thus take into consideration, the type of the material and the embodied energy that relate to the materials. For example, drink containers present an example in which the energy consumption is very high at first and the second phase. A lot of energy is consumed and there are a lot of emissions. Therefore, the selection of materials to reduce the energy use and the gas emissions is critical. The various materials that are commonly used for the drink containers include PET, high-density PE, soda glass, plain carbon steel and aluminum alloy. All the materials are recyclable. The production of the materials entails moldi ng in which energy use differs depending on the material. The containers also have different designs. Therefore, the energy needed to shape the containers is less than the energy that is required to produce the material. The overall energy used in the two phases shows that the steel tins have the lowest energy penalty while the highest energy penalty is in glass and aluminum. Another case example that relates to energy selection and eco-consumption is in the manufacture and the design of crash barriers. The barriers can either be static or mobile (Ashby, 2011). The bumper of the vehicle is an example of a mobile barrier. An example of static barrier is the central divider of a freeway. According to Ashby (2011), the static barriers do not consume energy once installed; consequently, they do not emit CO2, and they are long lasting. Therefore, the energy consumption is normally in the material production and in the manufacture. The bumper on the other hand increases the weight of the vehicle and hence influences the fuel consumption. The implication is that the dominant phase of energy consumption is in the use. Vehicles present a great concern to the environment. A lot of energy is used in the manufacture of the materials for making cars such as the metals. In addition, as noted by Ashby (2011), the crash barriers also increase the energy consumption as there is need of fossil fuels to power the movement of the cars. At the end life, the cars also present a challenge as some materials are taken to already full landfills. The phases present great environmental impact throughout the lifecycle of a car. There is thus the need for measures to incorporate sustainability in the manufacture, use and disposal of the cars. Key to the sustainability is recycling of cars. Recycling Cars in UAE Throughout the life cycle, cars have a significant impact on the environment. The main areas of concern include the energy consumption, the wastes generated during the manufacturing , the use phase and the disposal at the end life. It is worth noting that over 75% of the materials found in the end life of cars are recyclable. The materials a are mainly metals. The remaining 25% of the materials are normally considered wastes and ends up in the landfills (Zoboli, 2000). However, the recycling of the materials can reduce the wastes to the landfills. In today’s economy, the price of steel has increased; hence, increasing the demand of the recycled steel which makes the recycling have benefits in UAE, both economically and environmentally. In UAE, there are many old vehicles that have reached end life and are being scrapped every day. The scraps are left to accumulate dust and have become an environmental problem. Through the recycling process, the materials that are disposed in the landfills are significantly reduced. Ryan (2010) noted that recycling one ton of steel conserves natural resources and saves energy. For instance, it saves 54 kilograms of limest one, 635 kilograms of coal and over 1100 kilograms of iron ore. The carbon footprint that results from recycling is less compared to the carbon and other gasses emitted in the process. Therefore, recycling promises a cleaner environment and viable business that is sustainable. The materials used for making cars consume a lot of energy both at the first phase of production and in the phase of use. The common materials for manufacturing cars include steel sheet, plain steel, plastics, zinc, rubber, aluminum and others such as the adhesives, textiles, and glass. The percentages of the materials used differ. However, steel sheet accounts for the majority of the material used for cars. The environmental benefit associated with recycling cars in UAE is that the energy used in the production of the recycled steel is less compared to the energy for producing steel at first time. The recycling of cars in UAE entails the extraction and re-processing of the cables, the metals, and the mechanic al parts. According to Zoboli (2000), the energy that is used for recycling steel is 70% less compared to energy for getting the steel from the ore. The process of recycling cars is driven by economic, technological, social and environmental factors. Therefore, recycling of the cars in UAE aligns with the global strife for sustainable waste management. The increasing economic developments in UAE have resulted in increases in the number of cars being used. As a result, it has become increasingly important to device means that ensure that the end life of the vehicles life minimizes the environmental impact. The wastes being directed to the landfills have increased. Bearing in mind that the cars can be recycled, a regulatory approach to environmental impact is to adopt environmentally friendly processes that will reduce the wastes to the landfills. Conclusion Design for sustainability is a key principle geared at ensuring that various human activities put into consideration the needs o f the future generations by use of products that are friendlier to the environment. The initial stages of the product design determine the impact of the final product on the environment. The key to the environmental sustainability practices entail the eco-selection that takes into consideration the various phases of the product life cycle and the implication on the environment. The main concepts of the eco-selection are based on understanding the materials and the energy consumption related to the materials. For example, the consideration on what to use and where to get it from. The second consideration is the design in which the concern is how to make it. The processes should also put into mind the end life of the product in which the designers should be concerned on how the materials can be reused. It is thus economically and environmentally viable to recycle and reuse the materials. The environmental sustainability of manufacturing cars can be reduced through the use of recyclabl e materials. Therefore, the rationality starts with the identification of the various phases that are of great concern in the material life cycle. References Ashby, M. (2011). Materials Selection in Mechanical Design. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Lewis, H., Gertsakis, J. (2001). Design + environment: A global guide to designing greener goods. Austin, TX: Greenleaf Publishing. Ryan, V. (2010). The use of raw materials: environmental factors and recycling. Technovation, 19 (1), 721–734. Zoboli, R. (2000). Regulation and Innovation in the Area of End-of-Life Vehicles. Milan, Italy: IDSE-CNR. This report on Materials and the Environment was written and submitted by user Eliseo Waters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.